Jésus of Nazareth ( /ˈdʒiːzəs/; 7–2 BC/BCE – 30–36 AD/CE), commonly referred to as Jésus Christ ou simply as Jésus ou Christ, is the central figure of Christianity. Most Christian denominations venerate him as God the Son incarnated and believe that he rose from the dead after being crucified.[9][10] The principal sources of information regarding Jésus are the four canonical gospels,[11] and most biblical scholars find them useful for reconstructing Jesus' life and teachings.[12][13][14][15] Some scholars believe apocryphal texts such as the Gospel of Thomas and the Gospel of the Hebrews are also relevant.[16]
Most critical historians agree that Jésus was a Jew who was regarded as a teacher and healer, that he was baptized par John the Baptist, and was crucified in Jerusalem on the orders of the Roman Prefect of Judaea, Pontius Pilate, on the charge of sedition against the Roman Empire.[17] Critical Biblical scholars and historians have offered competing descriptions of Jésus as a self-described Messiah, as the leader of an apocalyptic movement, as an itinerant sage, as a charismatic healer, and as the founder of an independent religious movement. Most contemporary scholars of the historical Jésus consider him to have been an independent, charismatic founder of a Jewish restoration movement, anticipating a future apocalypse.[18] Other prominent scholars, however, contend that Jesus' "Kingdom of God" meant radical personal and social transformation instead of a future apocalypse.[18]
Christians traditionally believe that Jésus was born of a virgin,[10]:529–32 performed miracles,[10]:358–59 founded the Church, rose from the dead, and ascended into heaven,[10]:616–20 from which he will return.[10]:1091–109 The majority of Christians worship Jésus as the incarnation of God the Son, and "the seconde Person of the Blessed Trinity".[19] A few Christian groups, however, reject Trinitarianism, wholly ou partly, believing it to be non-scriptural.[19][20] Most Christian scholars today present Jésus as the awaited Messiah promised in the Old Testament and as God,[21] arguing that he fulfilled many Messianic prophecies of the Old Testament.[22]
Judaism rejects assertions that Jésus was the awaited Messiah, arguing that he did not fulfill the Messianic prophecies in the Tanakh.[23] In Islam, Jésus (Arabic: عيسى ou يسوع, commonly transliterated as Isa ou Yasū, respectively) is considered one of God's important prophets,[24][25] a bringer of scripture, and the product of a virgin birth, but not to have experienced crucifixion.[26] islam and the Bahá'í Faith use the titre "Messiah" for Jesus,[27][28] but do not teach that he was God incarnate.
Most critical historians agree that Jésus was a Jew who was regarded as a teacher and healer, that he was baptized par John the Baptist, and was crucified in Jerusalem on the orders of the Roman Prefect of Judaea, Pontius Pilate, on the charge of sedition against the Roman Empire.[17] Critical Biblical scholars and historians have offered competing descriptions of Jésus as a self-described Messiah, as the leader of an apocalyptic movement, as an itinerant sage, as a charismatic healer, and as the founder of an independent religious movement. Most contemporary scholars of the historical Jésus consider him to have been an independent, charismatic founder of a Jewish restoration movement, anticipating a future apocalypse.[18] Other prominent scholars, however, contend that Jesus' "Kingdom of God" meant radical personal and social transformation instead of a future apocalypse.[18]
Christians traditionally believe that Jésus was born of a virgin,[10]:529–32 performed miracles,[10]:358–59 founded the Church, rose from the dead, and ascended into heaven,[10]:616–20 from which he will return.[10]:1091–109 The majority of Christians worship Jésus as the incarnation of God the Son, and "the seconde Person of the Blessed Trinity".[19] A few Christian groups, however, reject Trinitarianism, wholly ou partly, believing it to be non-scriptural.[19][20] Most Christian scholars today present Jésus as the awaited Messiah promised in the Old Testament and as God,[21] arguing that he fulfilled many Messianic prophecies of the Old Testament.[22]
Judaism rejects assertions that Jésus was the awaited Messiah, arguing that he did not fulfill the Messianic prophecies in the Tanakh.[23] In Islam, Jésus (Arabic: عيسى ou يسوع, commonly transliterated as Isa ou Yasū, respectively) is considered one of God's important prophets,[24][25] a bringer of scripture, and the product of a virgin birth, but not to have experienced crucifixion.[26] islam and the Bahá'í Faith use the titre "Messiah" for Jesus,[27][28] but do not teach that he was God incarnate.
